Cats are famously independent and are mysterious sort of creatures, which is part of what makes them so fascinating to humans. However, this same independent nature of theirs can often make it difficult to tell when something is wrong with them. Unlike dogs that may be more expressive or needy when ill, cats tend to hide their symptoms away; it’s a survival instinct that stems from their wild ancestry. As a result, illnesses can sometimes go unnoticed until they become really serious. So, recognising the subtle signs of sickness early on can make a big difference in getting your feline friend the care they need. Here are some of the key behaviours and physical changes to watch out for.
- Changes in Appetite or Drinking Habits
One of the first indicators that something may be off is a change in how much your cat is eating or drinking. A sudden loss of appetite can point to dental issues, kidney disease or even stress. Conversely, a noticeable increase in thirst might be a warning sign of conditions such as diabetes or hyperthyroidism. It’s also important to monitor how your cat eats. If they are chewing on one side of the mouth, dropping food or they seem to be uncomfortable while eating, it could indicate oral pain or even digestive problems.
- Litter Box Habit Changes
Cats are typically very tidy when it comes to using the litter box, so any detour from their normal behaviours should raise a red flag. Frequent peeing, straining or blood being released in their urine may specify a urinary tract infection or bladder stones, which can be deadly for them if it is left untreated.
On the other hand, constipation or diarrhoea may be suggestive of digestive upset, parasites, or even food sensitivities. If you notice a sudden refusal to use the litter tray in your cat, it can also be an indication of discomfort or anxiety in them.
- Unusual Hiding or Avoidance Behaviour
While cats do enjoy having solitude, excessive hiding or withdrawal from family members may signal a developing illness. If your cat is spending more time under the bed, in cupboards or avoiding interaction entirely, this could be a sign that they’re in pain or are feeling unwell. Don’t assume that they are just “having a moment” as consistent changes in their social behaviour often points to a deeper issue.
- Declining Grooming and Coat Condition
Healthy cats are meticulous groomers. If your feline suddenly stops grooming themselves or develops a matted or greasy coat, it may be due to illness, obesity or joint pain. In contrast, over grooming or pulling out fur can be linked to stress, allergies, or skin infections.
Keep an eye out for bald spots, sores or persistent scratching, which may require veterinary attention. These symptoms could point to skin infections, allergies or parasites such as fleas or mites. Left untreated, they can lead to discomfort, secondary infections and long term skin damage.
- Changes in Voice or Breathing
A hoarse or altered meow might seem harmless at first, but changes in vocalisation can be a sign of discomfort or upper respiratory infection. Laboured breathing, open-mouthed breathing (when not stressed or overheated), or persistent coughing should be treated as urgent symptoms.
Cats hide breathing issues well, so any unusual noise or effort while breathing needs prompt veterinary evaluation. Even mild wheezing or shallow breathing can be early signs of respiratory distress. Don’t wait for the symptoms to worsen—early intervention can prevent serious complications.
- Sudden Aggression or Irritability in Behaviour
Cats can become grumpy for various reasons, but if your typically calm cat becomes suddenly aggressive (e.g., hissing, swatting or biting without provocation), it may be their way of expressing pain or distress. Chronic discomfort from arthritis, dental disease, or internal issues can lead to mood changes that shouldn’t be ignored. Even more subtle signs like flinching when touched, avoiding being picked up or reacting poorly to grooming can indicate underlying pain.
Conclusion
Cats might not speak our language, but they communicate in a range of behavioural and physical cues—if we know what to look for. The key to keeping your cat healthy lies in observing their normal routines and noting even the slightest changes. Early detection is important as it can be what sets apart the need for a simple and a more complex, expensive treatment for a more severe condition. If you ever notice unusual behaviour or physical symptoms, do not wait to see if it passes. Trust your instincts and consult your vet. After all, you know your cat best—and when it comes to their health, it’s always better to be safe than sorry.
